Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its relationship with patents and GROSS DOMESTIC Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food PRODUCTION index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, GROSS PRODUCTION and the number of papers, food PRODUCTION and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

The recent theories of economic growth indicated human capital and technology knowledge have an important role on economic growth. This study is going to investigate the role of human capital on GDP of Iran. We use James Raymo (1995) model which includes three variables: physical capital, labor force and human capital. Using ) cointegration method of Johanson and Juselius, The results of this paper suggest human capital has a positive impact on GDP in longrun, while it has a little and negative impact on GDP in short-run.

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of changes in energy consumption on real GDP in Iran within the framework of the non-linear smooth transition autoregressive method between 1965 and 2013. In this regard, the linear model is tested against a nonlinear model. It is found that the nonlinear model has better estimation. Then, using Trasvirta test, the nonlinear logistic model is estimated. The variations in the independent variables are divided into three parts including up, low and middle thresholds of changes), based on the nonlinear logistic model. The results show that the effect of gas consumption on the real GDP is U-shaped. This means that the low threshold rises to the middle threshold, and the middle threshold declines to the high threshold. In the case of electricity consumption, the results indicate that a positive and increasing relationship exists in all the thresholds. Positive changes in oil consumption in the low threshold have a positive effect on GDP changes, and this effect is reduced by moving from the low to the up threshold; in the up threshold, the effect will be in the opposite direction of oil consumption changes.

One of the most important economic goals of countries is fostering more economic growth; this involves the increasing usage of energy sources. Because of the limitations in non-renewable energy sources and environmental pollution caused by burning these sources, renewable energy sources have become a priority. Biomass energy is one of the new and renewable varieties of energy. This energy is more compatible with nature and the environment, and its PRODUCTION and supply cause little environmental pollution; also, since such energies are renewable, there is no near end for their exhaustion. Therefore, biomass energy constitutes a remarkable part of the world energy supply. Because of the importance of energy in economic growth, this study analyzed the relationship between biomass energy consumption and GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION (GDP) during the 1967-2019 time period, using the autoregressive distributed lag modeling approach (ARDL).

Agriculture as one of the major economic sectors of Iran, has an important role in GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION by providing about 14% of GDP. This study attempts to forecast the value of the agriculture GDP using Periodic Autoregressive model (PAR), as the new seasonal time series techniques. To address this aim, the quarterly data were collected from March 1988 to July 1989. The collected data was firstly analyzed using periodic unit root test Franses & Paap (2004). The analysis found non-periodic unit root in the seasonal data. Second, periodic seasonal behavior (Boswijk & Franses, 1996) was examined. The results showed that periodic autoregressive model fits agriculture GDP well. This makes an accurate forecast of agriculture GDP possible. Using the estimated model, the future value of quarter agricultural GDP from March 2011 to July 2012 was forecasted. With consideration to the fair fit of this model with agricultural GDP, It is recommended to use periodic autoregressive model for the future studies.

Judicial system as one dimensions of institutional framework have a crucial role in economic performance of societies. Judicial independence is a main key for effective protection of private property rights. Independent and efficient judicial system affect the private property security, investment predictability and thus economic growth through guaranteeing contracts and punish the violation of the law. In this research, the effect of judicial independence on GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION has been examined for 52 selected developed and developing countries during 2008-2015 using panel regression analysis. The findings show that judicial independence has a positive and significant effect on economic growth.

Today, the commercial agencies encounter to a lot of problems in order to reach their aims such as shareholder wealth and profit maximization and also company shares value in crease qiven to qlobalization cateqory. Amonq these problems, there is the inflation and liquidity that these two case have much importance qiven to beinq public the control system of many agencies, especially in our country, and the majority of industries and agencies are affected by increase and decline. There fore, the above said cases inecessitate that the commercial agencies (Melat Bank) plan as if thay have high flexibility and can have more compalibility with the environmental sitwations. This research is considered as the type of applied research and the used method in this research is from reqression analysis and correlation type qiven to in this research , the effect of independence variables on dependence variable have been measured.At performiny This research , the part of information that consists The research basis has been prepared by library method and stading books , publications and articles and maqazines and other part of information that is related to collect the desired data for testing and analysing has been prepared by field method and reference to Islamic Repablic of Iran central bank and bank financial department. The current research has been performed at Islamic Repablic of Iran Mellat Bank at time period 2005-2010That the discussed data at it has been collected and analysed monthly from march 2005 to april 2010. In this respect, four hypotheses were explained first hypothesis – there is a meaning ful relationship between liquidity management with Mellat Bank, s profitability. Second hypothesis – there is a meaning ful relationship between capital hold with Mellat Bank, s profitability. Third hypothesis – there is a meaning ful relationship between damestic GROSS PRODUCTION with Mellat Bank, s profitability. Forth hypothesis – there is a meaning ful relationship between inflation with Mellat Bank, s profitability.

This paper provides a brief technical survey of the historical national accounts of Iran. Gaining access to longer-term time series in compliance with concepts, classifications and standards comparable to the present one help fulfill quantitative studies in the area of business cycles. Despite the shortage of reliable, standardized and classified information, the methodology applied in this paper could present data for a 70 year period, including the existing 48 years time series which is available now. The historic endeavors of the pioneer researchers in the field of the system of national accounts, despite certain ambiguity and shortcomings, have been gateway in the context of historical data, compilation.